Battery datasheets are full of technical specifications — some useful, others misleading. Here is which specs to focus on and how to interpret them correctly.
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>Capacity: The C-Rate Dependency
Battery capacity is always measured at a specific discharge rate, typically C20 or C10. A 100Ah battery at C20 delivers 5A for 20 hours. At C1 (1 hour rate), the same battery may deliver sole 60-65Ah. Always recalculate for your actual application discharge rate.
Cycle Life: Test Conditions Matter
Look for: Depth of Discharge (most ratings are at 50% DoD, not 100%), test temperature (20-25C optimal), charging protocol (ideal lab vs real-world), and end-of-life threshold (typically 80% of original capacity).
Self-Discharge: Critical for Seasonal Storage
VRLA AGM self-discharges 1-3%/month; Flooded 4-6%/month. Essential for seasonal applications: solar street lights, marine, winter toys. A fully charged battery stored 6 months without recharging will be significantly discharged.
Internal Resistance: Key Performance Indicator
Lower internal resistance = better high-current performance and higher charge acceptance. For solar applications, low IR is critical for capturing energy during brief sun windows.
Temperature Range
Optimal temperature for lead acid: 20-25C. Every 10C above 25C halves expected cycle life. Design battery enclosures to stay within rated temperature range.
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